Literature Search: Adults (Difficult Intravenous Access [DIVA])
1. Armenteros-Yeguas, V., Tomás-López, M. A., Miranda-Serrano, E., Moraza-Dulanto, I., Meléndez-Fernández, L., Merino-Romero, E., Cristóbal-Domínguez, E., & Gárate-Echenique, L. (2021). Vascular access care in patients with multimorbidity. British Journal of Nursing, 30(8, IV and Vascular Access Supplement), S26–S35. https://doi.org/10.2309/JAVA-D-20-00023
2. Bahl, A., Alsbrooks, K., Zazyczny, K. A., Johnson, S., & Hoerauf, K. (2024a). An improved definition and SAFE rule for predicting difficult intravascular access (DIVA) in hospitalized adults. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 47(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAN.0000000000000535
3. Bahl, A., Xing, Y., Gibson, S. M., & DiLoreto, E. (2024b). Cost effectiveness of a vascular access education and training program for hospitalized emergency department patients. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0310676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310676
4. Civetta, G., Cortesi, S., Mancardi, M., De Pirro, A., Vischio, M., Mazzocchi, M., Scudeller, L., Bottazzi, A., Iotti, G. A., & Palo, A. (2019). EA-DIVA score (Enhanced Adult DIVA score): A new scale to predict difficult preoperative venous cannulation in adult surgical patients. The Journal of Vascular Access, 20(3), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729818804994
5. Ehrhardt, B. S., Givens, K. E. A., & Lee, R. C. (2018). Making it stick: Developing and testing the Difficult Intravenous Access (DIVA) tool. American Journal of Nursing, 118(7), 56–62.
6. Doellman, D., & Wuerz, L. (2025). Difficult IV access (DIVA): Strategies and solutions for insertion success (position paper). Association for Vascular Access.
7. Karimialavijeh, E., Kermanpour, H., Bijani, S., Hashemi, M. S., Payandemehr, P., Shirbache, K., & Pishgahi, G. (2022). Evaluation factors affect difficult intravenous access in the prehospital setting. Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 8(4), 318–324.
8. Lisova, K., Pavelkova, K., Šimkova, P., Mokra, D., Palova, S., & Charvat, J. (2024). The selection of the suitable long peripheral catheter in DIVA patients: The significance of ultrasonography. The Journal of Vascular Access, 25(6), 1775–1779. https://doi.org/10.1177/11297298231187028
9. Monteiro, D. A. T., Van Loon, F. H. J., La Torre-Montero, J.-C., Contim, D., Gir, E., Galon, T., de Azevedo, G. N., & Malaguti-Toffano, S. E. (2024). Cross-cultural adaptation and metric analysis of the Adult Difficult Intravenous Access Scale for use in Brazil. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 45(spe), e20230263. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2024.20230263.en
10. Nickel, B., Gorski, L. A., Kleidon, T. M., Kyes, A., DeVries, M., Keogh, S., Meyer, B., Crickman, R., Ong, J., Clare, S., & Hagle, M. E. (Eds.). (2024). Infusion therapy standards of practice (9th ed.). Journal of Infusion Nursing, 47(Suppl 1), S1–S285. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAN.0000000000000532
11. Crowley, M., Brim, C., Proehl, J., Barnason, S., Leviner, S., Lindauer, C., Naccarato, M., Storer, A., Williams, J., & Papa, A. M. (2012). Emergency Nursing Resource: Difficult intravenous access. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 38(4), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2012.05.010
12. Pagnutti, L., Bin, A., Donato, R., Di Lena, G., Fabbro, C., Fornasiero, L., Gerratana, A., Rigon, L., Gonella, S., & Palese, A. (2016). Difficult intravenous access tool in patients receiving peripheral chemotherapy: A pilot-validation study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 20, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2015.06.008
13. Paterson, R. S., Schults, J. A., Slaughter, E., Cooke, M., Ullman, A., Kleidon, T. M., Keijzers, G., Marsh, N., & Rickard, C. M. (2022). Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in adult patients with difficult intravenous access: A systematic review of assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines and escalation pathways. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 34(6), 862–870. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14069
14. Poulsen, E., Aagaard, R., Bisgaard, J., Sørensen, H. T., & Juhl-Olsen, P. (2023). The effects of ultrasound guidance on first-attempt success for difficult peripheral intravenous catheterization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 30(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000993
15. Rodríguez-Calero, M. A., Blanco-Mavillard, I., Morales-Asencio, J. M., Fernandez-Fernandez, I., Castro-Sanchez, E., & de Pedro-Gomez, J. E. (2020). Defining risk factors associated with difficult peripheral venous cannulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart & Lung, 49(3), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.01.009
16. Salleras-Duran, L., Fuentes-Pumarola, C., Ballester-Ferrando, D., Congost-Devesa, L., Delclòs-Rabassa, J., & Fontova-Almató, A. (2020). Development, diagnostic sensitivity, and prognostic accuracy of the adult–difficult venous catheterization scale for emergency departments. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.013
17. Smith, S., Tallentire, V., Wood, M., & Cameron, H. (2012). The distracted intravenous access (DIVA) test. The Clinical Teacher, 9(5), 320–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-498X.2012.00543.x
18. Taşkın, O., & Günay İsmailoğlu, E. (2024). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Difficult Intravenous Access Scale for adult patients. Journal of Research in Nursing, 29(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871241226586
Comments
Literature Search: Adults (Difficult Intravenous Access [DIVA])
1. Armenteros-Yeguas, V., Tomás-López, M. A., Miranda-Serrano, E., Moraza-Dulanto, I., Meléndez-Fernández, L., Merino-Romero, E., Cristóbal-Domínguez, E., & Gárate-Echenique, L. (2021). Vascular access care in patients with multimorbidity. British Journal of Nursing, 30(8, IV and Vascular Access Supplement), S26–S35. https://doi.org/10.2309/JAVA-D-20-00023
2. Bahl, A., Alsbrooks, K., Zazyczny, K. A., Johnson, S., & Hoerauf, K. (2024a). An improved definition and SAFE rule for predicting difficult intravascular access (DIVA) in hospitalized adults. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 47(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAN.0000000000000535
3. Bahl, A., Xing, Y., Gibson, S. M., & DiLoreto, E. (2024b). Cost effectiveness of a vascular access education and training program for hospitalized emergency department patients. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0310676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310676
4. Civetta, G., Cortesi, S., Mancardi, M., De Pirro, A., Vischio, M., Mazzocchi, M., Scudeller, L., Bottazzi, A., Iotti, G. A., & Palo, A. (2019). EA-DIVA score (Enhanced Adult DIVA score): A new scale to predict difficult preoperative venous cannulation in adult surgical patients. The Journal of Vascular Access, 20(3), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729818804994
5. Ehrhardt, B. S., Givens, K. E. A., & Lee, R. C. (2018). Making it stick: Developing and testing the Difficult Intravenous Access (DIVA) tool. American Journal of Nursing, 118(7), 56–62.
6. Doellman, D., & Wuerz, L. (2025). Difficult IV access (DIVA): Strategies and solutions for insertion success (position paper). Association for Vascular Access.
7. Karimialavijeh, E., Kermanpour, H., Bijani, S., Hashemi, M. S., Payandemehr, P., Shirbache, K., & Pishgahi, G. (2022). Evaluation factors affect difficult intravenous access in the prehospital setting. Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 8(4), 318–324.
8. Lisova, K., Pavelkova, K., Šimkova, P., Mokra, D., Palova, S., & Charvat, J. (2024). The selection of the suitable long peripheral catheter in DIVA patients: The significance of ultrasonography. The Journal of Vascular Access, 25(6), 1775–1779. https://doi.org/10.1177/11297298231187028
9. Monteiro, D. A. T., Van Loon, F. H. J., La Torre-Montero, J.-C., Contim, D., Gir, E., Galon, T., de Azevedo, G. N., & Malaguti-Toffano, S. E. (2024). Cross-cultural adaptation and metric analysis of the Adult Difficult Intravenous Access Scale for use in Brazil. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 45(spe), e20230263. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2024.20230263.en
10. Nickel, B., Gorski, L. A., Kleidon, T. M., Kyes, A., DeVries, M., Keogh, S., Meyer, B., Crickman, R., Ong, J., Clare, S., & Hagle, M. E. (Eds.). (2024). Infusion therapy standards of practice (9th ed.). Journal of Infusion Nursing, 47(Suppl 1), S1–S285. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAN.0000000000000532
11. Crowley, M., Brim, C., Proehl, J., Barnason, S., Leviner, S., Lindauer, C., Naccarato, M., Storer, A., Williams, J., & Papa, A. M. (2012). Emergency Nursing Resource: Difficult intravenous access. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 38(4), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2012.05.010
12. Pagnutti, L., Bin, A., Donato, R., Di Lena, G., Fabbro, C., Fornasiero, L., Gerratana, A., Rigon, L., Gonella, S., & Palese, A. (2016). Difficult intravenous access tool in patients receiving peripheral chemotherapy: A pilot-validation study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 20, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2015.06.008
13. Paterson, R. S., Schults, J. A., Slaughter, E., Cooke, M., Ullman, A., Kleidon, T. M., Keijzers, G., Marsh, N., & Rickard, C. M. (2022). Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in adult patients with difficult intravenous access: A systematic review of assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines and escalation pathways. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 34(6), 862–870. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14069
14. Poulsen, E., Aagaard, R., Bisgaard, J., Sørensen, H. T., & Juhl-Olsen, P. (2023). The effects of ultrasound guidance on first-attempt success for difficult peripheral intravenous catheterization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 30(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000993
15. Rodríguez-Calero, M. A., Blanco-Mavillard, I., Morales-Asencio, J. M., Fernandez-Fernandez, I., Castro-Sanchez, E., & de Pedro-Gomez, J. E. (2020). Defining risk factors associated with difficult peripheral venous cannulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart & Lung, 49(3), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.01.009
16. Salleras-Duran, L., Fuentes-Pumarola, C., Ballester-Ferrando, D., Congost-Devesa, L., Delclòs-Rabassa, J., & Fontova-Almató, A. (2020). Development, diagnostic sensitivity, and prognostic accuracy of the adult–difficult venous catheterization scale for emergency departments. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.013
17. Smith, S., Tallentire, V., Wood, M., & Cameron, H. (2012). The distracted intravenous access (DIVA) test. The Clinical Teacher, 9(5), 320–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-498X.2012.00543.x
18. Taşkın, O., & Günay İsmailoğlu, E. (2024). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Difficult Intravenous Access Scale for adult patients. Journal of Research in Nursing, 29(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871241226586