Publication Title
Surgery
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2017
Keywords
Adolescent; Child; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Insurance Coverage; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Medically Uninsured; Needs Assessment; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Socioeconomic Factors; Survival Analysis; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Treatment Outcome; United States; diversity/inclusion
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in children. Adult literature has demonstrated socioeconomic disparities in patients undergoing thyroidectomy, but the effects of socioeconomic status on the management of pediatric well-differentiated thyroid cancer remains poorly understood.
METHODS: Patients ≤21 years of age with well-differentiated thyroid cancer remains were reviewed from the National Cancer Data Base. Three socioeconomic surrogate variables were identified: insurance type, median income, and educational quartile. Tumor characteristics, diagnostic intervals, and clinical outcomes were compared within each socioeconomic surrogate variable.
RESULTS: A total of 9,585 children with well-differentiated thyroid cancer remains were reviewed. In multivariate analysis, lower income, lower educational quartile, and insurance status were associated with higher stage at diagnosis. Furthermore, lower income quartile was associated with a longer time from diagnosis to treatment (P < .002). Similarly, uninsured children had a longer time from diagnosis to treatment (28 days) compared with those with government (19 days) or private (18 days) insurance (P < .001). Despite being diagnosed at a higher stage and having a longer time interval between diagnosis and treatment, there was no significant difference in either overall survival or rates of unplanned readmissions based on any of the socioeconomic surrogate variables.
CONCLUSION: Children from lower income families and those lacking insurance experienced a longer period from diagnosis to treatment of their well-differentiated thyroid cancer remains. These patients also presented with higher stage disease. These data suggest a delay in care for children from low-income families. Although these findings did not translate into worse outcomes for well-differentiated thyroid cancer remains, future efforts should focus on reducing these differences.
Area of Special Interest
Cancer
Area of Special Interest
Women & Children
Specialty/Research Institute
Oncology
Specialty/Research Institute
Pediatrics
Specialty/Research Institute
Surgery
