Anatomical complications of epidural anesthesia: A comprehensive review.
Publication Title
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2017
Keywords
Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Embolism, Air; Hematoma; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Lidocaine; Low Back Pain; Spinal Nerves
Abstract
Epidural anesthesia is a versatile technique widely used in treating lumbar spinal pain syndromes. Complications during these procedures can arise either from needle placement or from administration of medication. Potential risks include infection, hematoma, intravascular or subdural injections of medication, direct nerve trauma, air embolism, entry into a disc space, urinary retention, radiation exposure, and hypersensitivity reactions. The objective of this article is to review the complications of lumbar epidural injections and discuss the potential pitfalls related to these procedures. We searched Medline comprehensively for relevant case reports, clinical trials, and review articles. Complications from lumbar epidural injections are extremely rare. Most if not all of them can be avoided by careful techniques with accurate needle placement, sterile precautions, and a thorough understanding of the relevant anatomy and contrast patterns on fluoroscopic imaging. Clin. Anat. 30:342-346, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Area of Special Interest
Neurosciences (Brain & Spine)
Specialty/Research Institute
Anesthesiology
Specialty/Research Institute
Neurosciences
