Effects of yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, and a behavioral placebo on sleep: A nationwide multicenter phase III RCT in cancer survivors.
Publication Title
2021 ASCO Annual Meeting
Document Type
Abstract
Publication Date
2021
Keywords
oregon; portland; chiles
Abstract
Research Funding:
U.S. National Institutes of HealthBackground:Patients commonly experience impaired sleep throughout cancer treatment and for years into survivorship. Impaired sleep may mediate other cancer-related symptoms and can lead to the inability to complete daily activities and lower quality of life. More effective non-pharmacological treatment options for impaired sleep are needed. We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effects of yoga (Yoga for Cancer Survivors; YOCAS), cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), and a behavioral placebo on impaired sleep in cancer survivors.Methods:This RCT was conducted via the URCC NCORP Research Base. Participants were cancer survivors 2-60 months post-treatment with insomnia. They were randomized to 1) YOCAS (75-min session biweekly for 4 wks), 2) CBT-I (90-min session weekly for 8 wks), and 3) behavioral placebo (survivorship health education per ASCO guidelines; 75-min session biweekly for 4 wks). Sleep efficiency, sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep latency were assessed via actigraphy at baseline and post-intervention. Actigraphs were worn on the non-dominant wrist 24 hours a day for 7 days. Linear mixed models were used to assess intervention effects on sleep outcomes.Results:740 survivors were enrolled (93% female, mean age 56±11 years, 73% breast cancer). Results revealed significant group differences among survivors in the 3 arms in sleep efficiency, sleep duration, and WASO (all p<0.05), but not in sleep latency (p>0.05). YOCAS and CBT-I subjects maintained sleep efficiency (mean change= -0.8% and -0.03%, respectively, all p>0.05) while behavioral placebo subjects significantly reduced sleep efficiency (mean change= -3.4%, p<0.01). When controlling for baseline, YOCAS and CBT-I subjects demonstrated better sleep efficiency compared to behavioral placebo subjects at post-intervention (all p<0.05). YOCAS subjects also maintained sleep duration (mean change= -3.5 minutes, p>0.05) while CBT-I and behavioral placebo subjects significantly reduced sleep duration (mean change= -20.3 minutes and -26.6 minutes, respectively, all p<0.01). When controlling for baseline, YOCAS subjects demonstrated longer sleep duration compared to CBT-I and behavioral placebo subjects at post-intervention (all p<0.05). There were no significant within-group changes in WASO over time in the 3 arms. When controlling for baseline, CBT-I subjects demonstrated a trend toward lower WASO compared to YOCAS (p=0.07) and behavioral placebo (p=0.05) subjects at post-intervention.Conclusions:Both YOCAS and CBT-I maintained sleep efficiency and/or sleep duration among cancer survivors. Oncologists should consider prescribing yoga and CBT-I for treating impaired sleep in cancer survivors. Funding: NCI UG1CA189961, R01CA181064, T32CA102618. Clinical trial information: NCT02613364
Area of Special Interest
Cancer
Specialty/Research Institute
Earle A. Chiles Research Institute
Specialty/Research Institute
Oncology
Comments
Po-Ju Lin, Charles E. Heckler, Eva Culakova, Huiwen Xu, Richard F. Dunne, Nikesha Gilmore, Sara Hardy, Amber Kleckner, Ian Kleckner, Kah Poh Loh, Michelle C. Janelsins, Luke J. Peppone, Amy C. Vander Woude, Alison K. Conlin, Anthony J. Jaslowski, Karen M. Mustian