Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Publication Title
Circulation
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-12-2023
Keywords
washington; spokane; pmrc; Male; Adult; Female; United States; Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; American Heart Association; Risk Assessment; Heart Failure; Atherosclerosis; Kidney; Risk Factors
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a novel construct recently defined by the American Heart Association in response to the high prevalence of metabolic and kidney disease. Epidemiological data demonstrate higher absolute risk of both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure as an individual progresses from CKM stage 0 to stage 3, but optimal strategies for risk assessment need to be refined. Absolute risk assessment with the goal to match type and intensity of interventions with predicted risk and expected treatment benefit remains the cornerstone of primary prevention. Given the growing number of therapies in our armamentarium that simultaneously address all 3 CKM axes, novel risk prediction equations are needed that incorporate predictors and outcomes relevant to the CKM context. This should also include social determinants of health, which are key upstream drivers of CVD, to more equitably estimate and address risk. This scientific statement summarizes the background, rationale, and clinical implications for the newly developed sex-specific, race-free risk equations
Area of Special Interest
Cardiovascular (Heart)
Area of Special Interest
Kidney & Diabetes
Specialty/Research Institute
Endocrinology
Specialty/Research Institute
Cardiology
Specialty/Research Institute
Nephrology
DOI
10.1161/CIR.0000000000001191
