Prevalence, Demographic, and Clinical Factors Associated With Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-9-2024

Publication Title

Neurology

Keywords

Humans; Neuromyelitis Optica; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Rituximab; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Cognitive Dysfunction; Aquaporin 4; oregon; portland

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a chronic CNS demyelinating autoimmune disorder targeting the astrocyte antigen aquaporin-4 (AQP4), typically presenting with optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and brain syndromes. Cognitive dysfunction (CD) in NMOSD is under-recognized and poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical variables associated with CD in NMOSD.

METHODS: This observational retrospective study with longitudinal follow-up describes a clinical cohort seen in the Collaborative International Research in Clinical and Longitudinal Experience Study in NMOSD. Serial Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCAs) were performed upon enrollment and at 6-month intervals to evaluate longitudinal cognitive function relative to demographic and disease-related factors. We used 2-tailed

RESULTS: Thirty-four percent (75/219) of patients met criteria for CD (MoCA

DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the largest study of diverse cohort to investigate CD in patients with NMOSD. Our findings demonstrate 34% of patients with NMOSD experience mild-to-moderate CD, while 30% of patients demonstrated decline on serial testing. The substantial prevalence of CD in this pilot report highlights the need for improved and validated screening tools and comprehensive measures to investigate CD in NMOSD.

Clinical Institute

Neurosciences (Brain & Spine)

Clinical Institute

Mental Health

Department

Neurosciences

Department

Epidemiology

Department

Behavioral Health

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