Early Detection of Wellness-to-Disease Transitions in the AI Era: Implications for Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Publication Title
Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2026
Keywords
Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Precision Medicine; Early Diagnosis; Systems Biology; Biomarkers; Toxicology; Machine Learning; Animals; Disease Progression; Pharmacology; AI; artificial intelligence; biomarker discovery; precision medicine; scientific wellness; systems biology.; washington; isb; artificial intelligence
Abstract
Precision medicine demands a shift from static, single-analyte diagnostics toward dynamic, systems-level understanding of health and disease. This review explores how the convergence of systems biology, multiomics, and artificial intelligence (AI) redefines biomarker discovery to drive early disease detection and personalized intervention. We highlight pioneering efforts that use longitudinal, multimodal data to map individual health trajectories and uncover early disease signals. Advances in AI, including machine learning and contextualization using knowledge graphs and digital twins, are accelerating clinical translation by enabling predictive, context-aware analyses. Real-world applications, including omics-informed diagnostics and digital health monitoring, demonstrate the potential of this approach to transform health care from reactive treatment to proactive wellness. These technologies also inform the development of targeted therapeutics that intervene earlier, personalize treatment, and potentially halt or reverse disease progression. We outline challenges, emerging solutions, and future directions that position AI-driven systems biology at the center of next-generation precision health.
Specialty/Research Institute
Institute for Systems Biology
DOI
10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-062124-013423
