Our expanded team of specialists – many of whom completed fellowships and residencies at prestigious academic centers – offers comprehensive services for treating any condition of the brain, spine and nervous system. With nearly 50 subspecialties represented, we offer complex and minimally invasive surgery as well as ongoing care for pituitary and skull base tumors, stroke, peripheral nerve disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, epilepsy and more.

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Submissions from 2021

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Functional enhancer elements drive subclass-selective expression from mouse to primate neocortex., John K Mich, Lucas T Graybuck, Erik E Hess, Joseph T Mahoney, Yoshiko Kojima, Yi Ding, Saroja Somasundaram, Jeremy A Miller, Brian E Kalmbach, Cristina Radaelli, Bryan B Gore, Natalie Weed, Victoria Omstead, Yemeserach Bishaw, Nadiya V Shapovalova, Refugio A Martinez, Olivia Fong, Shenqin Yao, Marty Mortrud, Peter Chong, Luke Loftus, Darren Bertagnolli, Jeff Goldy, Tamara Casper, Nick Dee, Ximena Opitz-Araya, Ali Cetin, Kimberly A Smith, Ryder P Gwinn, Charles Cobbs, Andrew L Ko, Jeffrey G Ojemann, C Dirk Keene, Daniel L Silbergeld, Susan M Sunkin, Viviana Gradinaru, Gregory D Horwitz, Hongkui Zeng, Bosiljka Tasic, Ed S Lein, Jonathan T Ting, and Boaz P Levi

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Fenfluramine in the successful treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus in a patient with Dravet syndrome., David Millett and Suzanne Pach

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Association of Performance on Dichotic Auditory Tests With Risk for Incident Dementia and Alzheimer Dementia., Adeeb Mohammed, Laura E Gibbons, George Gates, Melissa L Anderson, Susan M McCurry, Wayne McCormick, J D Bowen, Thomas J Grabowski, Paul K Crane, and Eric B Larson

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Identification of successful cerebral reperfusions (mTICI ≥2b) using an artificial intelligence strategy., Gabriel Neves, Pranav Warman, Tulio Bueso, Walter Duarte-Celada, and Thomas Windisch

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Critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) in trauma patients may identify common quality problems., Matthias Niemeier, Uwe Hamsen, Emre Yilmaz, Thomas A Schildhauer, and Christian Waydhas

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Global impact of COVID-19 on stroke care., Raul G Nogueira, Mohamad Abdalkader, Muhammed M Qureshi, Michael R Frankel, Ossama Yassin Mansour, Hiroshi Yamagami, Zhongming Qiu, Mehdi Farhoudi, James E Siegler, Shadi Yaghi, Eytan Raz, Nobuyuki Sakai, Nobuyuki Ohara, Michel Piotin, Laura Mechtouff, Omer Eker, Vanessa Chalumeau, Timothy J Kleinig, Raoul Pop, Jianmin Liu, Hugh S Winters, Xianjin Shang, Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez, Jordi Blasco, Juan F Arenillas, Mario Martinez-Galdamez, Alex Brehm, Marios-Nikos Psychogios, Pedro Lylyk, Diogo C Haussen, Alhamza R Al-Bayati, Mahmoud H Mohammaden, Luísa Fonseca, M Luís Silva, Francisco Montalverne, Leonardo Renieri, Salvatore Mangiafico, Urs Fischer, Jan Gralla, Donald Frei, Chandril Chugh, Brijesh P Mehta, Simon Nagel, Markus Mohlenbruch, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Mudassir Farooqui, Ameer E Hassan, Allan Taylor, Bertrand Lapergue, Arturo Consoli, Bruce Cv Campbell, Malveeka Sharma, Melanie Walker, Noel Van Horn, Jens Fiehler, Huy Thang Nguyen, Quoc T Nguyen, Daisuke Watanabe, Hao Zhang, Huynh V Le, Viet Q Nguyen, Ruchir Shah, Thomas Devlin, Priyank Khandelwal, Italo Linfante, Wazim Izzath, Pablo M Lavados, Veronica V Olavarría, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Anna Verena de Carvalho Sousa, Jawad Kirmani, Martin Bendszus, Tatsuo Amano, Ryoo Yamamoto, Ryosuke Doijiri, Naoki Tokuda, Takehiro Yamada, Tadashi Terasaki, Yukako Yazawa, Jane G Morris, Emma Griffin, John Thornton, Pascale Lavoie, Charles Matouk, Michael D Hill, Andrew M Demchuk, Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer, Fadi Nahab, Dorothea Altschul, Anna Ramos-Pachón, Natalia Pérez de la Ossa, Raghid Kikano, William Boisseau, Gregory Walker, Steve M Cordina, Ajit Puri, Anna Luisa Kuhn, Dheeraj Gandhi, Pankajavalli Ramakrishnan, Roberta Novakovic-White, Alex Chebl, Odysseas Kargiotis, Alexandra Czap, Alicia Zha, Hesham E Masoud, Carlos Lopez, David Ozretic, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Wenjie Zie, Zhenhui Duan, Zhengzhou Yuan, Wenguo Huang, Yonggang Hao, Jun Luo, Vladimir Kalousek, Romain Bourcier, Romain Guile, Steven Hetts, Hosam M Al-Jehani, Adel AlHazzani, Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi, Mohamed Teleb, Jeremy Payne, Jin Soo Lee, Ji Man Hong, Sung-Il Sohn, Yang-Ha Hwang, Dong Hoon Shin, Hong Gee Roh, Randy Edgell, Rakesh Khatri, Ainsley Smith, Amer Malik, David Liebeskind, Nabeel Herial, Pascal Jabbour, Pedro Magalhaes, Atilla Ozcan Ozdemir, Ozlem Aykac, Takeshi Uwatoko, Tomohisa Dembo, Hisao Shimizu, Yuri Sugiura, Fumio Miyashita, Hiroki Fukuda, Kosuke Miyake, Junsuke Shimbo, Yusuke Sugimura, Andre Beer-Furlan, Krishna Joshi, Luciana Catanese, Daniel Giansante Abud, Octavio Giansante Neto, Masoud Mehrpour, Amal Al Hashmi, Mahar Saqqur, Abdulrahman Mostafa, Johanna T Fifi, Syed Hussain, Seby John, Rishi Gupta, Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann, Anna Reznik, Achmad Fidaus Sani, Serdar Geyik, Eşref Akıl, Anchalee Churojana, Abdoreza Ghoreishi, Mohammad Saadatnia, Ehsan Sharifipour, Alice Ma, Ken Faulder, Teddy Wu, Lester Leung, Adel Malek, Barbara Voetsch, Ajay Wakhloo, Rodrigo Rivera, Danny Moises Barrientos Iman, Aleksandra Pikula, Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, Gotz Thomalla, Lee Birnbaum, Paolo Machi, Gianmarco Bernava, Mollie McDermott, Dawn Kleindorfer, Ken Wong, Mary S Patterson, Jose Antonio Fiorot, Vikram Huded, William Mack, Matthew Tenser, Clifford Eskey, Sumeet Multani, Michael Kelly, Vallabh Janardhan, Oriana Cornett, Varsha Singh, Yuichi Murayama, Maxim Mokin, Pengfei Yang, Xiaoxi Zhang, Congguo Yin, Hongxing Han, Ya Peng, Wenhuo Chen, Roberto Crosa, Michel Eli Frudit, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Anirudh Kulkarni, Yoshiki Yagita, Yohei Takenobu, Yuji Matsumaru, Satoshi Yamada, Ryuhei Kono, Takuya Kanamaru, Hidekazu Yamazaki, Manabu Sakaguchi, Kenichi Todo, Nobuaki Yamamoto, Kazutaka Sonoda, Tomoko Yoshida, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Ichiro Nakahara, Elena Cora, David Volders, Celina Ducroux, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Johanna Ospel, Artem Kaliaev, Saima Ahmed, Umair Rashid, Leticia C Rebello, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Robert Fahed, Michael Chen, Sunil A Sheth, Lina Palaiodimou, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Ronil Chandra, Feliks Koyfman, Thomas Leung, Houman Khosravani, Sushrut Dharmadhikari, Giovanni Frisullo, Paolo Calabresi, Alexander Tsiskaridze, Nino Lobjanidze, Mikayel Grigoryan, Anna Czlonkowska, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Jelle Demeestere, Conrad Liang, Navdeep Sangha, Helmi L Lutsep, Óscar Ayo-Martín, Antonio Cruz-Culebras, Anh D Tran, Chang Y Young, Charlotte Cordonnier, Francois Caparros, Maria Alonso De Lecinana, Blanca Fuentes, Dileep Yavagal, Tudor Jovin, Laurent Spelle, Jacques Moret, Pooja Khatri, Osama Zaidat, Jean Raymond, Sheila Martins, and Thanh Nguyen

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Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Adult Spinal Chondrosarcoma Patients in the United States., Ravi S Nunna, Saavan Patel, Shashank N Patil, Darius Ansari, Taylor G Burch, Ankit I Mehta, Jens R Chapman, and Rod J Oskouian

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Anisocoria Correlates With Injury Severity and Outcomes After Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury., Daniel Nyancho, Folefac D Atem, Aardhra M Venkatachalam, Arianna Barnes, Michelle Hill, Jeffrey I Traylor, Sonja E Stutzman, Nicole Bedros, Venkatesh Aiyagari, and Salah G Aoun

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Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuromyelitis Optica., Frederike Cosima Oertel, Svenja Specovius, Hanna G Zimmermann, Claudia Chien, Seyedamirhosein Motamedi, Charlotte Bereuter, Lawrence Cook, Marco Aurélio Lana Peixoto, Mariana Andrade Fontanelle, Ho Jin Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, Jacqueline Palace, Adriana Roca-Fernandez, Maria Isabel Leite, Srilakshmi Sharma, Fereshteh Ashtari, Rahele Kafieh, Alireza Dehghani, Mohsen Pourazizi, Lekha Pandit, Anitha D'Cunha, Orhan Aktas, Marius Ringelstein, Philipp Albrecht, Eugene May, Caryl Tongco, Letizia Leocani, Marco Pisa, Marta Radaelli, Elena H Martinez-Lapiscina, Hadas Stiebel-Kalish, Sasitorn Siritho, Jérome de Seze, Thomas Senger, Joachim Havla, Romain Marignier, Alvaro Cobo-Calvo, Denis Bichuetti, Ivan Maynart Tavares, Nasrin Asgari, Kerstin Soelberg, Ayse Altintas, Rengin Yildirim, Uygur Tanriverdi, Anu Jacob, Saif Huda, Zoe Rimler, Allyson Reid, Yang Mao-Draayer, Ibis Soto de Castillo, Axel Petzold, Ari J Green, Michael R Yeaman, Terry Smith, Alexander U Brandt, and Friedemann Paul

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Single Cell Scale Neuronal and Glial Gene Expression and Putative Cell Phenotypes and Networks in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius in an Alcohol Withdrawal Time Series., Sean J O'Sullivan, Damani McIntosh-Clarke, James H Park, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, and James S Schwaber

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Abstract P77: Acute Stroke Trends and Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Multi-System Hospital System in the Western US, Renee Ovando, Natalie Swearingen, Tamela Stuchiner, Leslie Corless, Crystal Ann Moreno, John Zurasky, Jason Tarpley, Radoslav Raychev, and Elizabeth Baraban

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COVID-19 Impact on Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment at 9 Comprehensive Stroke Centers across Los Angeles., M Maximillian Padrick, Navdeep Sangha, Laurie Paletz, James Mirocha, Sonia Figueroa, Vicki Manoukian, Konrad Schlick, Patrick D Lyden, David S Liebeskind, Fiona K Chatfield, Jason W Tarpley, Adrian Burgos, Matthew Tenser, Denise Gaffney, Marco A Pech, Edward Nazareth, Robert Jackson, Helaine Kauffman, Lisa Arnold, Jennifer Cox, Treasure Joyce, Catrice Nakamura, Darcie Fitzgerald, Kyle Ogami, Nili Steiner, Nicole Wolber, Betty Robertson, Rachel Izzo, Stefanie Gorski, Heather Manuel, Krystal Valdez, Liliana Reyes, Latisha K Sharma, and Shlee S Song

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Does glucose influence multidien cycles of interictal and/or ictal activities?, Alexa Pappas, Sanjay Kubsad, Maxime O Baud, Kyla E Wright, Devon M Kollmyer, Nicole M Warner, Alan M Haltiner, Ryder P Gwinn, and Michael J Doherty

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A Systems Approach to Brain Tumor Treatment., James H Park, Adrian Lopez Garcia de Lomana, Diego M Marzese, Tiffany Juarez, Abdullah Feroze, Parvinder Hothi, Charles Cobbs, Anoop P Patel, Santosh Kesari, Sui Huang, and Nitin S Baliga

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Increasing Cost Efficiency in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Identifying Predictors of Lower Total Costs., Peter G Passias, Avery E Brown, Cole Bortz, Haddy Alas, Katherine Pierce, Waleed Ahmad, Sara Naessig, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Hamid Hassanzadeh, Lawal A Labaran, Christopher Ames, Douglas C Burton, Jeffrey Gum, Robert Hart, Richard Hostin, Khaled M Kebaish, Brian J Neuman, Shay Bess, Breton Line, Christopher Shaffrey, Justin Smith, Frank Schwab, Eric Klineberg, and International Spine Study Group

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A Risk Benefit Analysis of Increasing Surgical Invasiveness Relative to Frailty Status in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery., Peter G Passias, Avery E Brown, Cole Bortz, Katherine Pierce, Haddy Alas, Waleed Ahmad, Lara Passfall, Nicholas Kummer, Oscar Krol, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Douglas Burton, Robert A Hart, Neel Anand, Gregory Mundis, Brian Neuman, Breton Line, Christopher Shaffrey, Eric Klineberg, Justin Smith, Christopher Ames, Frank J Schwab, Shay Bess, and International Spine Study Group

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Predicting development of severe clinically relevant distal junctional kyphosis following adult cervical deformity surgery, with further distinction from mild asymptomatic episodes., Peter G Passias, Sara Naessig, Nicholas Kummer, Lara Passfall, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Breton Line, Bassel G Diebo, Themistocles Protopsaltis, Han Jo Kim, Robert Eastlack, Alex Soroceanu, Eric O Klineberg, Robert A Hart, Douglas Burton, Shay Bess, Frank Schwab, Christopher I Shaffrey, Justin S Smith, and Christopher P Ames

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At What Point Should the Thoracolumbar Region Be Addressed in Patients Undergoing Corrective Cervical Deformity Surgery?, Peter G Passias, Katherine E Pierce, Sara Naessig, Waleed Ahmad, Lara Passfall, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Han Jo Kim, Alan Daniels, Robert Eastlack, Eric Klineberg, Breton Line, Praveen Mummaneni, Robert A Hart, Douglas Burton, Shay Bess, Frank Schwab, Christopher Shaffrey, Justin S Smith, Christopher P Ames, and International Spine Study Group

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The impact of postoperative neurologic complications on recovery kinetics in cervical deformity surgery., Peter Gust Passias, Avery E Brown, Haddy Alas, Katherine E Pierce, Cole A Bortz, Bassel Diebo, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Douglas C Burton, Robert A Hart, Han Jo Kim, Shay Bess, Kevin Moattari, Rachel Joujon-Roche, Oscar Krol, Tyler Williamson, Peter Tretiakov, Bailey Imbo, Themistocles S Protopsaltis, Christopher Shaffrey, Frank Schwab, Robert Eastlack, Breton Line, Eric Klineberg, Justin Smith, Christopher Ames, and International Spine Study Group

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Effect of age-adjusted alignment goals and distal inclination angle on the fate of distal junctional kyphosis in cervical deformity surgery., Peter Gust Passias, Samantha R Horn, Virginie Lafage, Renaud Lafage, Justin S Smith, Breton G Line, Themistocles S Protopsaltis, Alex Soroceanu, Cole Bortz, Frank A Segreto, Waleed Ahmad, Sara Naessig, Katherine E Pierce, Avery E Brown, Haddy Alas, Han Jo Kim, Alan H Daniels, Eric O Klineberg, Douglas C Burton, Robert A Hart, Frank J Schwab, Shay Bess, Christopher I Shaffrey, Christopher P Ames, and International Spine Study Group

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Predictive model for achieving good clinical and radiographic outcomes at one-year following surgical correction of adult cervical deformity., Peter Gust Passias, Samantha R Horn, Cheongeun Oh, Gregory W Poorman, Cole Bortz, Frank Segreto, Renaud Lafage, Bassel Diebo, Justin K Scheer, Justin S Smith, Christopher I Shaffrey, Robert Eastlack, Daniel M Sciubba, Themistocles Protopsaltis, Han Jo Kim, Robert A Hart, Virginie Lafage, Christopher P Ames, and International Spine Study Group

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Risk-benefit assessment of major versus minor osteotomies for flexible and rigid cervical deformity correction., Peter Gust Passias, Lara Passfall, Samantha R Horn, Katherine E Pierce, Virginie Lafage, Renaud Lafage, Justin S Smith, Breton G Line, Gregory M Mundis, Robert Eastlack, Bassel G Diebo, Themistocles S Protopsaltis, Han Jo Kim, Justin Scheer, Douglas C Burton, Robert A Hart, Frank J Schwab, Shay Bess, Christopher P Ames, Christopher I Shaffrey, and International Spine Study Group

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Redefining cervical spine deformity classification through novel cutoffs: An assessment of the relationship between radiographic parameters and functional neurological outcomes., Peter Gust Passias, Katherine E Pierce, Avery E Brown, Cole A Bortz, Haddy Alas, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Breton Line, Eric O Klineberg, Douglas C Burton, Robert Hart, Alan H Daniels, Shay Bess, Bassel Diebo, Themistocles Protopsaltis, Robert Eastlack, Christopher I Shaffrey, Frank J Schwab, Justin S Smith, Christopher Ames, and On Behalf Of The International Spine Study Group

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Anticoagulation Therapy Reduces Recurrent Stroke in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source Patients With Elevated Coagulation Markers or Severe Left Atrial Enlargement., Kishan Patel, Elio Mikhael, Michael Liu, Srikant Rangaraju, Deandra Ellis, Alexander Duncan, Samir Belagaje, Trina Belair, Laura Henriquez, and Fadi Nahab

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Perioperative dual antiplatelet therapy for patients undergoing spine surgery soon after drug eluting stent placement., Sophie M Peeters, Daniel Nagasawa, Bilwaj Gaonkar, Tianyi Niu, Alexander Tucker, Mark Attiah, Diana Babayan, Natalie Moreland, Isaac Yang, Marcela Calfon Press, and Luke Macyszyn

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Effect of High-frequency (10-kHz) Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial., Erika A Petersen, Thomas G Stauss, James A Scowcroft, Elizabeth S Brooks, Judith L White, Shawn M Sills, Kasra Amirdelfan, Maged N Guirguis, Jijun Xu, Cong Yu, Ali Nairizi, Denis G Patterson, Kostandinos C Tsoulfas, Michael J Creamer, Vincent Galan, Richard H Bundschu, Christopher A Paul, Neel D Mehta, Heejung Choi, Dawood Sayed, Shivanand P Lad, David J DiBenedetto, Khalid A Sethi, Johnathan H Goree, Matthew T Bennett, Nathan J Harrison, Atef F Israel, Paul Chang, Paul W Wu, Gennady Gekht, Charles E Argoff, Christian E Nasr, Rod S Taylor, Jeyakumar Subbaroyan, Bradford E Gliner, David L Caraway, and Nagy A Mekhail

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Predictors of Superior Recovery Kinetics in Adult Cervical Deformity Correction: An Analysis Using a Novel Area Under the Curve Methodology., Katherine E Pierce, Peter G Passias, Avery E Brown, Cole A Bortz, Haddy Alas, Renaud Lafage, Virginie Lafage, Christopher Ames, Douglas C Burton, Robert A Hart, Kojo Hamilton, Jeffrey Gum, Justin Scheer, Alan Daniels, Shay Bess, Alex Soroceanu, Eric Klineberg, Christopher Shaffrey, Breton Line, Frank A Schwab, Justin S Smith, and International Spine Study Group (ISSG)

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Prioritization of Realignment Associated With Superior Clinical Outcomes for Cervical Deformity Patients., Katherine E Pierce, Peter G Passias, Avery E Brown, Cole A Bortz, Haddy Alas, Lara Passfall, Oscar Krol, Nicholas Kummer, Renaud Lafage, Dean Chou, Douglas C Burton, Breton Line, Eric Klineberg, Robert A Hart, Jeffrey Gum, Alan Daniels, Kojo Hamilton, Shay Bess, Themistocles Protopsaltis, Christopher Shaffrey, Frank A Schwab, Justin S Smith, Virginie Lafage, and Christopher Ames

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Baseline Frailty Status Influences Recovery Patterns and Outcomes Following Alignment Correction of Cervical Deformity., Katherine E Pierce, Peter G Passias, Alan H Daniels, Renaud Lafage, Waleed Ahmad, Sara Naessig, Virginie Lafage, Themistocles Protopsaltis, Robert Eastlack, Robert A Hart, Douglas Burton, Shay Bess, Frank Schwab, Christopher Shaffrey, Justin S Smith, and Christopher Ames

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Prioritization of realignment associated with superior clinical outcomes for surgical cervical deformity patients., Katherine E Pierce, Peter Gust Passias, Avery E Brown, Cole A Bortz, Haddy Alas, Renaud Lafage, Oscar Krol, Dean Chou, Douglas C Burton, Breton Line, Eric Klineberg, Robert A Hart, Jeffrey Gum, Alan Daniels, Kojo Hamilton, Shay Bess, Themistocles Protopsaltis, Christopher Shaffrey, Frank A Schwab, Justin S Smith, Virginie Lafage, and Christopher Ames

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Glioma Stem Cells as Immunotherapeutic Targets: Advancements and Challenges., Keenan J Piper, Lisa DePledge, Michael Karsy, and Charles Cobbs

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Dalfampridine for Mobility Limitations in People With Multiple Sclerosis May Be Augmented by Physical Therapy: A Non-randomized Two-Group Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study., Prudence Plummer, Silva Markovic-Plese, and Barbara Giesser

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Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Complications and Complication Avoidance., Richard L Price, Domagoj Coric, and Wilson Z Ray

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Surgical outcomes in rigid versus flexible cervical deformities., Themistocles S Protopsaltis, Nicholas Stekas, Justin S Smith, Alexandra Soroceanu, Renaud Lafage, Alan H Daniels, Han Jo Kim, Peter G Passias, Gregory M Mundis, Eric O Klineberg, D Kojo Hamilton, Munish Gupta, Virginie Lafage, Robert A Hart, Frank Schwab, Douglas C Burton, Shay Bess, Christopher I Shaffrey, and Christopher P Ames

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Pulse Dosing of 10 kHz Paresthesia-Independent Spinal Cord Stimulation Provides Same Efficacy with Substantial Reduction of Device Recharge Time., David Provenzano, Jordan Tate, Mayank Gupta, Cong Yu, Paul Verrills, Maged Guirguis, Nathan Harrison, Thomas Smith, Rose Azalde, and Kerry Bradley

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Pooled Safety Results Through One Year of Two Phase-3 Trials of Guselkumab in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis., Proton Rahman, Christopher T Ritchlin, Philip S Helliwell, Wolf-Henning Boehncke, Philip J Mease, Alice B Gottlieb, Shelly Kafka, Alexa P Kollmeier, Elizabeth C Hsia, Xie L Xu, May Shawi, Shihong Sheng, Prasheen Agarwal, Bei Zhou, Paraneedharan Ramachandran, Yanli Zhuang, and Iain B McInnes

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Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Classification Systems: What Is Available and a Proposed Alternative., Wyatt L Ramey and Jens R Chapman

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The lexicon of multirod constructs in adult spinal deformity: a concise description of when, why, and how., Wyatt L Ramey, Andrew S Jack, and Jens R Chapman

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The Intradiscal Osteotomy: An Alternative Technique for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction., Wyatt L Ramey, Andrew S Jack, Rod J Oskouian, Robert A Hart, and Jens R Chapman

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The Central Cord Score: A Novel Classification and Scoring System Specific to Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome., Wyatt L Ramey, Angelica Alvarez Reyes, Mauricio J Avila, R John Hurlbert, Jens R Chapman, and Travis M Dumont

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Ongoing Use of SSRIs Does Not Alter Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis., Steven H Rauchman, Sherri Mendelson, Courtney Rauchman, Lora J Kasselman, Aaron Pinkhasov, and Allison B Reiss

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Cortical Responses to Vagus Nerve Stimulation Are Modulated by Brain State in Nonhuman Primates., Irene Rembado, Weiguo Song, David K Su, Ariel Levari, Larry E Shupe, Steve Perlmutter, Eberhard Fetz, and Stavros Zanos

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Response to: "The Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6" Commentary by Rowland et al., Zubir Rentiya, Robert Hutnik, and Junun Bae

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UW Project ECHO-Dementia: Implementation of a virtual clinic and telementoring program to improve dementia diagnosis and treatment in rural and under-resourced primary care settings., Kristoffer Rhoads, Nancy B. Isenberg, and Allyson Schrier

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Facebook Live: HMR Weight Management: Insights into Successful Weight Loss, Rick Riess and Frances Broyles

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Correction to: Clinical feasibility of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis., Neil H Riordan, Isabela Morales, Giselle Fernández, Nicole Allen, Neal E Fearnot, Michael E Leckrone, Dedra Jones Markovich, Darla Mansfield, Dorita Avila, Amit N Patel, Santosh Kesari, and Jorge Paz Rodriguez

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EXPRESS: What is the Median Volume of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and is it Changing?, David Robinson, Carson Van Sanford, Soo Young Kwon, Elisheva Coleman, Padmini Sekar, Ryan Murphy, Matthew Flaherty, Stacie Demel, Yasmin Aziz, Charles Moomaw, Mary Haverbusch, Jane Khoury, Opeolu Adeoye, Kyle Walsh, Joseph P Broderick, and Daniel Woo

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Restropective Study Poster Presented at the American Association of Neurology, online, S Roddy, V Deshmukh, and A Lesko

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Predictors of Outcomes in Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke Symptoms: MaRISS., Jose G Romano, Hannah Gardener, Iszet Campo-Bustillo, Yosef Khan, Sofie Tai, Nikesha Riley, Eric E Smith, Ralph L Sacco, Pooja Khatri, Heather M Alger, Brian Mac Grory, Deepak Gulati, Navdeep S Sangha, Jeffrey M Craig, Karin E Olds, Curtis G Benesch, Adam G Kelly, Scott S Brehaut, Amit C Kansara, Lee H Schwamm, and MaRISS Investigators

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Frequency and Prognostic Significance of Clinical Fluctuations Before Hospital Arrival in Stroke., Jose G Romano, Hannah Gardener, Eric E Smith, Iszet Campo-Bustillo, Yosef Khan, Sofie Tai, Nikesha Riley, Ralph L Sacco, Pooja Khatri, Heather M Alger, Brian Mac Grory, Deepak Gulati, Navdeep S Sangha, Karin E Olds, Curtis G Benesch, Adam G Kelly, Scott S Brehaut, Amit Kansara, and Lee H Schwamm

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Novel robotic TCD ultrasound with bubbles versus standard care to detect right to left shunt: Study methods., Mark N Rubin, Andrei V Alexandrov, Colleen Douville, Brenda Rinsky, and Georgios Tsivgoulis

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Increased Intracranial Pressure: The Use of an Individualized Ladder Approach., Marlon G Saria and Santosh Kesari

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Gelatin methacrylate hydrogels culture model for glioblastoma cells enriches for mesenchymal-like state and models interactions with immune cells., Nameeta Shah, Pavan M Hallur, Raksha A Ganesh, Pranali Sonpatki, Divya Naik, Komal Prasad Chandrachari, Ralph B Puchalski, and Aditya Chaubey

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Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Seizures at the End of Life., Akanksha Sharma, Jessica M Besbris, Neha M Kramer, Farrah N Daly, Divya Singhal, Christopher A Jones, and Ambereen K Mehta

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How much time do we have? Longitudinal perception of prognosis in newly-diagnosed high grade glioma patients and caregivers compared to clinicians., Akanksha Sharma, Briant Fruth, Celina Barrera, Hannah N Farfour, Maciej M Mrugala, Mark K Edwin, Jeff A Sloan, and Alyx B Porter

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Supportive care for patients with brain metastases from lung cancer., Akanksha Sharma and Maciej M Mrugala

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Updates on Molecular Targeted Therapies for Intraparenchymal CNS Metastases., Akanksha Sharma, Lauren Singer, and Priya Kumthekar

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Current status of gastrointestinal tract cancer brain metastasis and the use of blood-based cancer biomarker biopsy., Yoshiaki Shoji, Satoru Furuhashi, Daniel F Kelly, Anton J Bilchik, Dave S B Hoon, and Matias A Bustos

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Primary external auditory canal meningioma: Case report and review of the literature., Jeffrey Singh, Uresh Patel, and Douglas Backous

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Clinical outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab in a US community MS center: an observational study., Kyle Smoot, Chiayi Chen, Tamela Stuchiner, Lindsay Lucas, Lois Grote, and Stanley Cohan

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Impact of carbidopa-levodopa enteral suspension on quality of life and activities of daily living in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: Results from a pooled meta-analysis., David G Standaert, Vardhaman Patel, Sonya J Snedecor, Sandeep Thakkar, Yash J Jalundhwala, Pavnit Kukreja, David Kratochvil, Yanjun Bao, and Rajesh Pahwa

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Partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognition in APP/PS1 female mice., Andrea Stojakovic, Sergey Trushin, Anthony Sheu, Layla Khalili, Su-Youne Chang, Xing Li, Trace Christensen, Jeffrey L Salisbury, Rachel E Geroux, Benjamin Gateno, Padraig J Flannery, Mrunal Dehankar, Cory C Funk, Jordan Wilkins, Anna Stepanova, Tara O'Hagan, Alexander Galkin, Jarred Nesbitt, Xiujuan Zhu, Utkarsh Tripathi, Slobodan Macura, Tamar Tchkonia, Tamar Pirtskhalava, James L Kirkland, Rachel A Kudgus, Renee A Schoon, Joel M Reid, Yu Yamazaki, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Song Zhang, Emirhan Nemutlu, Petras Dzeja, Adam Jaspersen, Ye In Christopher Kwon, Michael K Lee, and Eugenia Trushina

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Computed tomography findings as early predictors of long-term language impairment in patients with traumatic brain injury., Marwa Summaka, Elias Elias, Hiba Zein, Ibrahim Naim, Rama Daoud, Youssef Fares, and Zeina Nasser

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Trends in Operative Complex Middle and Upper Maxillofacial Trauma: A 17-Year Study., Peiyi Su, Christian Paquet, Karla O'Dell, David Reinstadler, Niels Kokot, Jay Granzow, Tamara N Chambers, and Amit Kochhar

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Impact of the Olig Family on Neurodevelopmental Disorders., Jenny Szu, Alexandre Wojcinski, Peng Jiang, and Santosh Kesari

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24-Hour Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel: Clinical Experience and Practical Recommendations., Sandeep Thakkar, Victor S C Fung, Aristide Merola, Meredith Rollins, Michael J Soileau, and Norbert Kovács

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A scoping review on the effect of cannabis on pain intensity in people with spinal cord injury., Pavithra A Thomas, Gregory T Carter, and Charles H Bombardier

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Effect of a Coordinated Community and Chronic Care Model Team Intervention vs Usual Care on Systolic Blood Pressure in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The SUCCEED Randomized Clinical Trial., Amytis Towfighi, Eric M Cheng, Monica Ayala-Rivera, Frances Barry, Heather McCreath, David A Ganz, Martin L Lee, Nerses Sanossian, Bijal Mehta, Tara Dutta, Ali Razmara, Robert Bryg, Shlee S Song, Phyllis Willis, Shinyi Wu, Magaly Ramirez, Adam Richards, Nicholas Jackson, Jeremy Wacksman, Brian Mittman, Jamie Tran, Renee R Johnson, Chris Ediss, Theresa Sivers-Teixeira, Betty Shaby, Ana L Montoya, Marilyn Corrales, Elizabeth Mojarro-Huang, Marissa Castro, Patricia Gomez, Cynthia Muñoz, Diamond Garcia, Lilian Moreno, Maura Fernandez, Enrique Lopez, Sarah Valdez, Hilary R Haber, Valerie A Hill, Neal M Rao, Beatrice Martinez, Lillie Hudson, Natalie P Valle, Barbara G Vickrey, and Secondary Stroke Prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic Care Model Teams Early to End Disparities (SUCCEED) Investigators

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Neurosurgery virtual education in the COVID-19 pandemic era: results of a global survey., Samantha Varela, Syed F Kazim, Meic H Schmidt, Bipin Chaurasia, Alis J Dicpinigaitis, Jonathan V Ogulnick, Kyril L Cole, Matthew Conlon, Omar Tarawneh, Rachel Thommen, Chad D Cole, Walter C Jean, William T Couldwell, Zachary Litvack, Fawaz Al-Mufti, and Christian A Bowers

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Bile acid synthesis, modulation, and dementia: A metabolomic, transcriptomic, and pharmacoepidemiologic study., Vijay R Varma, Youjin Wang, Yang An, Sudhir Varma, Murat Bilgel, Jimit Doshi, Cristina Legido-Quigley, João C Delgado, Anup M Oommen, Jackson A Roberts, Dean F Wong, Christos Davatzikos, Susan M Resnick, Juan C Troncoso, Olga Pletnikova, Richard O'Brien, Eelko Hak, Brenda N Baak, Ruth Pfeiffer, Priyanka Baloni, Siamak Mohmoudiandehkordi, Kwangsik Nho, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, David A Bennett, Shahinaz M Gadalla, and Madhav Thambisetty

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Iliac Screw Fixation Revisited: Improved Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes Using a Modified Iliac Screw Fixation Technique., Alexander von Glinski, Christopher Elia, James G Wiginton, Darius Ansari, Clifford Pierre, Basem Ishak, Emre Yilmaz, Ronen Blecher, Joseph R Dettori, Erik Hayman, Thomas A Schildhauer, Rod J Oskouian, and Jens R Chapman

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Surgical Management of Charcot Spinal Arthropathy in the Face of Possible Infection., Alexander von Glinski, Sven Frieler, Christopher J Elia, Darius Ansari, Clifford Pierre, Basem Ishak, Ronen Blecher, Bilal Qutteineh, Sarah Strot, Rod J Oskouian, and Jens R Chapman

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Risk Factors Associated with 90-day Readmissions Following Odontoid Fractures- A Nationwide Readmissions Database Study., Alexander von Glinski, Sven Frieler, Christopher Elia, Tye Patchana, Ariel Takayanagi, Varun Arvind, Clifford Pierre, Basem Ishak, Jens R Chapman, and Rod J Oskouian

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Fixation Strength of Modified Iliac Screw Trajectory Compared to Traditional Iliac and S2 Alar-Iliac Trajectories: A Cadaveric Study., Alexander Von Glinski, Clifford Pierre, Sven Frieler, Jonathan Mahoney, Jonathan Harris, Dhara Amin, May Allall, Brandon Bucklen, Thomas A Schildhauer, Rod J Oskouian, and Jens R Chapman

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CTNI-32. CASE SERIES OF BRAF INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRAFV600E GLIOBLASTOMA, Naveed Wagle, Jose Carrillo, Akanksha Sharma, Minhdan Nguyen, Judy D Truong, Jared Chow, Evie Landa, Annie Heng, Jaya Mini Gill, Garni Barkhoudarian, Daniel F Kelly, and Santosh Kesari

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The viral hypothesis: how herpesviruses may contribute to Alzheimer's disease., Michael Wainberg, Tain Luquez, David M Koelle, Ben Readhead, Christine Johnston, Martin Darvas, and Cory C Funk

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Mid-Year Update., Jeffrey C Wang, Jens R Chapman, and Karsten Wiechert

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Editorial., Jeffrey C Wang, Karsten Wiechert, and Jens R Chapman

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Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy share similar transcriptomic changes in distinct brain regions., Xue Wang, Mariet Allen, Özkan İş, Joseph S Reddy, Frederick Q Tutor-New, Monica Castanedes Casey, Minerva M Carrasquillo, Stephanie R Oatman, Yuhao Min, Yan W Asmann, Cory C Funk, Thuy Nguyen, Charlotte Cg Ho, Kimberly G Malphrus, Nicholas T Seyfried, Allan I Levey, Steven G Younkin, Melissa E Murray, Dennis W Dickson, Nathan D Price, Todd E Golde, and Nilufer Ertekin-Taner

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Genetic deletion of Polo-like kinase 2 reduces alpha-synuclein serine-129 phosphorylation in presynaptic terminals but not Lewy bodies., Leah J Weston, Teresa L Stackhouse, Kateri Spinelli, Sydney W Boutros, Elizabeth P Rose, Valerie R Osterberg, Kelvin C Luk, Jacob Raber, Tamily A Weissman, and Vivek K Unni

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Assessment of Adult Spinal Deformity Complication Timing and Impact on Two-Year Outcomes Using a Comprehensive Adult Spinal Deformity Classification System., Joseph B Wick, Hai V Le, Renaud Lafage, Munish C Gupta, Robert A Hart, Gregory M Mundis, Shay Bess, Douglas C Burton, Christopher P Ames, Justin S Smith, Christopher I Shaffrey, Frank J Schwab, Peter G Passias, Themistocles S Protopsaltis, Virginie Lafage, Eric O Klineberg, and International Sp;ine Study Group

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GSJ Annual Survey 2021., Karsten Wiechert, Jens R Chapman, and Jeffrey C Wang

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Steps Explained: The Review Process of, Karsten Wiechert, Jens R Chapman, and Jeffrey C Wang

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Submitting Manuscripts but Not for Publication? Black Sheep Authors in Publishing., Karsten Wiechert, Jens R Chapman, and Jeffrey C Wang

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Impact of clinical outcomes and imaging measures on health-related quality of life in secondary progressive MS., Marcus W Koch, Jop Mostert, P Repovic, James D Bowen, Eva Strijbis, Bernard Uitdehaag, and Gary Cutter

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Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor remains elevated after long term follow-up of combat veterans with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder., Gwyneth W Y Wu, Owen M Wolkowitz, Victor I Reus, Jee In Kang, Mathea Elnar, Reuben Sarwal, Janine D Flory, Duna Abu-Amara, Rasha Hammamieh, Aarti Gautam, Francis J Doyle, Rachel Yehuda, Charles R Marmar, Marti Jett, Synthia H Mellon, SBPBC Collaborators, Leroy Hood, Kai Wang, and Inyoul Lee

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Improved gastrointestinal profile with diroximel fumarate is associated with a positive impact on quality of life compared with dimethyl fumarate: results from the randomized, double-blind, phase III EVOLVE-MS-2 study., Annette Wundes, Sibyl Wray, Ralf Gold, Barry A Singer, Elzbieta Jasinska, Tjalf Ziemssen, Jerome de Seze, P Repovic, Hailu Chen, Jerome Hanna, Jordan Messer, Catherine Miller, and Robert T Naismith

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Molecularly targeted treatment of recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma - a case report., Ashna Yalamanchi, Jaya Mini Gill, Judy Truong, Minhdan Nguyen, Jose Carrillo, Naveed Wagle, Akanksha Sharma, and Santosh Kesari

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Successful and durable response of primary CNS T-cell lymphoma to upfront temozolomide monotherapy., Meghna Yalamanchi, Akanksha Sharma, Minh Nguyen, Judy Truong, Jose A Carrillo, Naveed Wagle, Jaya M Gill, and Santosh Kesari

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Autopsy Case of Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibody., Mai Yamakawa, Keenan O Hogan, John Leever, and Yasir N Jassam

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Real-time navigation guidance with intraoperative CT imaging for pedicle screw placement using an augmented reality head-mounted display: a proof-of-concept study., Daniel S Yanni, Burak M Ozgur, Robert G Louis, Yevgenia Shekhtman, Rajiv R Iyer, Venkat Boddapati, Asha Iyer, Purvee D Patel, Raja Jani, Matthew Cummock, Aalap Herur-Raman, Phuong Dang, Ira M Goldstein, Michael Brant-Zawadzki, Thomas Steineke, and Lawrence G Lenke

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What Are Risk Factors for an Ileus After Posterior Spine Surgery?-A Case Control Study., Emre Yilmaz, Eric Benca, Akil P Patel, Sarah Hopkins, Ronen Blecher, Amir Abdul-Jabbar, Thomas M O'Lynnger, Rod J Oskouian, Daniel C Norvell, and Jens R Chapman

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Glucose-Dementia Association Is Consistent Over Blood Pressure/Antihypertensive Groups., Jing Zhou, Rod L Walker, Shelly L Gray, Zachary A Marcum, Douglas Barthold, James D Bowen, Wayne McCormick, Susan M McCurry, Eric B Larson, and Paul K Crane

Submissions from 2020

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21828: Use of Subjective Fatigue to Predict Cognition in Patients with Acute Stroke or Brain Injury, Abbie Aamot, Elena Crooks, Gina L. Sprint, and Douglas L Weeks

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The Efficacy of Topical Basil Essential Oil on Relieving Migraine Headaches: A Randomized Triple-Blind Study., Mahdieh Ahmadifard, Sajad Yarahmadi, Arash Ardalan, Farzad Ebrahimzadeh, Parviz Bahrami, and Elham Sheikhi

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Assessment of Factors Associated With Internal Carotid Injury in Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery., Abdulaziz AlQahtani, Nyall R London, Paolo Castelnuovo, Davide Locatelli, Aldo Stamm, Aaron A Cohen-Gadol, Hussam Elbosraty, Roy Casiano, Jacques Morcos, Ernesto Pasquini, Georgio Frank, Diego Mazzatenta, Garni Barkhoudarian, Chester Griffiths, Daniel F Kelly, Christos Georgalas, Narayanan Janakiram, Piero Nicolai, Daniel M Prevedello, and Ricardo L Carrau

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The new onset of dysphagia four years after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: Case report and literature review., Darius Ansari, Halle E K Burley, Alexander von Glinski, Christopher Elia, Jens R Chapman, and Rod J Oskouian

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The Supraorbital Eyebrow Craniotomy for Intra- and Extra-Axial Brain Tumors: A Single-Center Series and Technique Modification., Shaheryar F Ansari, Amy Eisenberg, Amanda Rodriguez, Garni Barkhoudarian, and Daniel F Kelly

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Clinical Q & A: Translating Therapeutic Temperature Management from Theory to Practice., Mary Kay Bader, Patricia A Blissitt, Leslie A Hamilton, and Claranne Mathiesen

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Clinical Q & A: Translating Therapeutic Temperature Management from Theory to Practice., Mary Kay Bader, Sarah L Livesay, Amanda J Severson, Leslie A Hamilton, Stephen A Figueroa, William D Cahoon, Patricia A Blissitt, and Teresa Wavra